1. Equipment Purpose
The comprehensive performance testing equipment for gas volumetric water heaters (also known as storage-type gas water heaters) is a comprehensive performance testing system specifically designed for the research, production, quality inspection, and supervision of gas volumetric water heaters with a rated volume less than 500L and a heat load less than 100kW. Unlike instant gas water heaters, volumetric water heaters are equipped with storage tanks that can preheat and store large amounts of hot water, enabling simultaneous multi-point water supply and stable water temperature output. They are widely used in centralized hot water supply for residential use, hotels, restaurants, schools, bathhouses, and large households.
This device can comprehensively evaluate key indicators such as combustion performance, thermal efficiency, heat storage and insulation, safety protection devices, and durability of positive displacement water heaters. It covers multiple dimensions including gas system sealing, combustion stability, flue gas emissions, temperature control accuracy, water tank insulation performance, safety valves, and dry-burn protection. It is suitable for factory inspection on production lines, laboratory R&D testing, and quality supervision spot checks.
2. Core Testing Items
Comprehensive performance testing equipment for gas volumetric water heaters typically covers the following core testing modules:
| Detection categories | Testing items | Key parameters/requirements |
|---|
| Combustion and thermal performance | Thermal efficiency | Conventional type ≥ 78%, condensing type ≥ 94%. |
| Heat load accuracy | Measured heat load deviates from nominal value by ≤±10% |
| Hot water yield (first hour rating) | Testing the capacity for continuous hot water supply within a unit of time |
| Recycling efficiency | The efficiency of heating water stored in the tank to the set temperature |
| CO content in flue gas | (α=1) ≤ 0.04%, continuously monitored for 15 minutes |
| NOx emission classification | The low-nitrogen burner must meet NOx ≤ 260 mg/(kW·h). |
| Combustion stability | Detection of flashback, separation, yellow flame, and other phenomena |
| Heat storage and insulation performance | 24-hour simulated usage test | 24-hour static energy consumption and total hot water output calculation |
| Maintain the heat load | The energy consumption required to maintain water temperature in the holding state is verified according to the formula |
| Hot water output rate | Output capacity of hot water per unit volume |
| Heat loss from radiator insulation | 24-hour intrinsic energy consumption coefficient detection |
| Temperature control and hot water performance | Maximum hot water temperature test | Verify whether the maximum outlet water temperature meets design requirements |
| Water temperature control deviation | The deviation between the set temperature and the actual outlet water temperature |
| Hot water temperature rise test | The rate at which the inlet water temperature rises to the set temperature |
| Hot water stabilization time | The time required for water temperature to stabilize |
| Degree of water temperature overshoot | Temperature overimpulse control accuracy |
| Water temperature display accuracy | The display temperature deviates from the actual water temperature |
| Safety protection devices | Temperature and pressure safety valve | It must be installed directly within 150mm of the top of the water tank, and will automatically release pressure in case of overheating or pressure |
| Ultra-temperature cutting device | Operation must be performed before 99°C, and the response time to cut off the gas source is ≤ 2 minutes |
| Smoke prevention device | If the flue is completely blocked, cut off the air supply within 2 minutes |
| Flameout protection | Automatically cuts off the air supply after an unexpected shutdown, with a response time of ≤ 60 seconds |
| Dry-burn protection | Automatically cuts off heating when water is scarce |
| The gas system's airtightness | Pressure holding test leakage ≤0.01mL/min |
| Structure and durability | Combustion noise | Grading requirements: ≤ 65dB (≤70kW) or ≤75dB (>70kW). |
| Spray test | 35kPa water pressure for 30 minutes to check for internal water accumulation |
| Load-to-volume ratio testing | Distinguish between semi-volume type (0.31-1.2kW/L) and volumetric type (≤0.31kW/L). |
| Condensate discharge performance | Discharge pipe diameter ≥13mm, corrosion-resistant material |
| Electrical safety | 3750V withstand voltage test, leakage current ≤ 3.5mA (Class I), electrostatic discharge immunity of 4kV |
| Electromagnetic compatibility | Voltage drop immunity | 30% UT, 25 cycles, verifying the device's stability under voltage fluctuations |
| Electromagnetic radiation/immunity | Meets the new standard electromagnetic compatibility safety requirements |
三、设备组成
燃气容积式热水器综合性能检测设备通常由以下功能模块构成：
| 模块类别 | 主要设备/仪器 | 功能说明 |
|---|
| 燃气供给与计量 | 气体质量流量计（精度±0.5%FS）、燃气压力调节阀、差压变送器 | 精确调节并实时监测燃气供给压力、流量及瞬时消耗量 |
| 水路系统 | 恒温水箱、循环水泵、流量计（0~50L/min）、压力变送器 | 提供稳定进水水源，模拟实际使用水压工况 |
| Temperature measurement system | Multi-channel temperature recorder (accuracy ±0.5°C), thermocouple array (multi-point inlet/outlet/water tank) | Real-time monitoring of intake/outlet temperature, layered distribution of water temperature inside the tank, and surface temperature rise |
| Flue gas analysis system | Multi-component flue gas analyzer (CO/CO₂/O₂/NOx accuracy ±1%FS), flue gas sampling probe | Real-time data and analysis of harmful gas concentrations and excess air coefficients in combustion exhaust gases |
| Thermal efficiency testing system | Calorimeters, constant temperature control systems, electronic balances | Thermal efficiency is measured by direct or indirect methods, and the hot water yield per unit of gas consumption is calculated |
| Insulation performance test | 24-hour simulation test system and energy consumption recorder | Testing the 24-hour static energy consumption and hot water output rate of the water tank, and calculating the 24-hour intrinsic energy consumption coefficient |
| Safety device verification | Over-temperature shut-off test bench, temperature and pressure safety valve calibration bench, smoke prevention simulation device, flameout protection tester | Simulating abnormal operating conditions to verify the activation accuracy and response speed of safety protection devices |
| Environmental simulation system | Constant temperature and humidity test chamber, spray test device | Simulates high and low temperatures, humid environments, and spraying conditions |
| Electrical safety testing | Comprehensive Electrical Safety Tester (Voltage Resistance/Insulation/Leakage Current/Grounding Resistance) | Comprehensively evaluate electrical safety performance to meet standards such as GB 4706.1 and GB 4706.12 |
| Measurement and control systems | PLC control unit + industrial touchscreen/industrial control computer, multi-channel data acquisition system | Achieve automated testing, synchronously collect all parameters, and generate performance curves and test reports in real time |
| Data management system | Industrial control computer and testing software platform (supports MES integration and barcode scanning) | Automatically stores test data, supports historical data traceability, report generation, and integration with quality management systems |
4. Applicable Standards
The design and testing of comprehensive performance testing equipment for gas volumetric displacement water heaters are mainly based on the following domestic and international standards:
| Standard number | Standard name | Scope of application |
|---|
| GB 18111-2021 | "Gas Volumetric Water Heater" | Core applicable standards, currently mandatory national standards, implemented from September 1, 2022, specifying classification, material structure, requirements, test methods, and inspection rules, rated capacity < 500L, heat load < 100kW |
| GB 18111-2000 | "Gas Volumetric Water Heater" | The old standard has been completely replaced by GB 18111-2021 |
| GB 30720-2014 | "Energy Efficiency Limits and Grades for Household Gas Rapid Water Heaters and Gas Heating Water Heaters" | Reference for energy efficiency testing methods for the thermal efficiency and energy efficiency grades of gas water heaters |
| GB 4706.1-2005 | Safety of Household and Similar Appliances Part 1: General Requirements | General Basic Electrical Safety Standard |
| GB 4706.12-2024 | "Safety of Household and Similar Appliances Part 12: Special Requirements for Storage Water Heaters" | The latest version of the electrical safety special standard for volumetric water heaters (including gas volumetric displacement) will be released in 2024 |
| GB/T 16411-2023 | "General Test Methods for Household Gas Burners" | General test methods for combustion and thermal performance |
| GB/T 40008.1-2021 | "Performance Evaluation and Calculation Methods for Hot Water Preparation Systems Part 1: Household and Similar Hot Water Preparation Systems" | A performance evaluation method for volumetric displacement gas water heaters as heating equipment |
| GB/T 13611 | "Classification and Basic Characteristics of Urban Gas" | Classification standards for types and basic characteristics of gas |
| GB/T 10125-2021 | "Artificial Atmosphere Corrosion Test and Salt Spray Test" | Corrosion resistance testing methods for metal components |
| CAN/CSA P.3-2015 | Test methods for measuring energy consumption and determining efficiency of gas and oil water heaters | Internationally recognized testing methods describe 24-hour simulated usage tests, first-hour rated values, recovery efficiency, energy coefficient, and other measurement methods |
| ANSI Z21.10.1 | Gas Water Heater (U.S. National Standard) | The international reference standard, GB 18111-2021, was referenced when drafting this standard |
5. Technical Indicator Reference
Based on the parameters of typical gas volumetric displacement water heater comprehensive performance testing equipment, the main technical specifications are as follows:
| Testing parameters | Typical technical indicators |
|---|
| Heat load measurement range/accuracy | 0~150kW, accuracy ± 1.0%FS |
| Gas flow measurement accuracy | ± 0.5%FS (gas mass flow meter, compatible with natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and artificial gas) |
| Pressure measurement range/accuracy | 0~50kPa, accuracy ± 0.5% FS |
| Water flow measurement range/accuracy | 0~80L/min, accuracy ± 1.0% FS |
| Temperature measurement range/accuracy | -20~200°C, accuracy ±0.5°C (multi-point thermocouple acquisition) |
| CO concentration measurement range/accuracy | 0~10000ppm, accuracy 1ppm |
| NOx concentration measurement range/accuracy | 0~1000ppm, accuracy 1ppm |
| Overtemperature cutoff response time measurement accuracy | ≤ 120s, timing resolution 0.1s |
| Accuracy of flameout protection response time measurement | ≤ 60s, timing resolution 0.1s |
| Maintain the accuracy of thermal load verification | Automatically check according to the formula Φm = 0.0875 + 0.00417V²/³ + 0.0045 Φn |
| Sensitivity for airtightness testing | Resolution: 0.001mL/min |
| Number of data acquisition channels | 8~32 channels can be expanded |
| Operating power supply | AC 380V ± 10% 50Hz (three-phase), rated power depends on configuration |
Frequently Asked Questions
What industries is your company's testing equipment mainly suitable for?
We specialize in non-standard testing equipment for gas appliances and household appliances, especially in the gas appliance industry, with nearly thirty years of technical accumulation in the gas appliance industry, including gas water heaters, wall-hung boilers, and gas stoves. At the same time, the equipment is widely used in kitchen appliances such as range hoods, electric ovens, and sterilizers, as well as in environmental reliability testing fields like salt spray tests and high and low temperature tests. In addition, industrial automation inspection solutions can be customized according to customer requirements.
Do you make standard equipment or non-standard customization?
Focusing mainly on non-standard customs. Each production line and every product category has unique testing requirements. We provide a full range of customized services from solution design, mechanical manufacturing, electrical control, to software integration based on your inspection targets (such as valve bodies, complete machines), inspection items (performance, aging, lifespan), production line cycles, and environmental conditions. There are already numerous successful non-standard cases in the gas appliance and home appliance industries for reference.
How is the precision and stability of the equipment? How to verify it?
Before leaving the factory, we conduct complete machine testing and precision calibration according to national or industry specifications, and can provide actual measurement data reports. Common verification methods include: repeated testing with standard samples, comparison with customers' existing qualified equipment, or testing by third-party metrology agencies. For key parameters such as gas flow, pressure, and temperature, we also provide calibration recommendations and cycle reminders. For projects requiring extremely high precision, free sample testing can be arranged.
How long does it take to customize a device? Will it affect my production?
The project duration depends on the complexity of the equipment, generally 4~8 weeks, and includes requirements confirmation, solution design, manufacturing, factory pre-commissioning, and on-site installation. We complete pre-assembly and functional testing of the entire machine in the factory, and only a short time of wiring and fine-tuning can be done on site for trial operation. We will communicate with you in advance about the production shutdown window and develop a detailed installation schedule to minimize the impact on production.
Is the equipment complex to operate? What training do you offer?
The equipment uses a touchscreen human-machine interface, with simple operation logic; ordinary workers can use it daily after half a day of training. We offer tiered training: operator training (power on/off, data retrieval, fixture change), technician training (parameter adjustment, simple fault handling), and engineer training (system configuration, deep maintenance). It also provides a library of operation videos and illustrated manuals for easy access at any time.
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